A meta-analysis of six randomized control trials (49,282 participants, 5,449 fractures, 730 hip fractures) of combined supplementation with vitamin D (daily doses of 400-800 IU, yielding a median difference in vitamin D concentration of 9.2 ng/mL) and calcium (daily doses of 1000- 1200 mg) found a 6% reduced risk of any fracture and a 16% reduced risk of hip fracture.
Bones
Vitamin D and Calcium for the Prevention of Fracture
JAMA Network Open
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Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures With Oral Vitamin D and Dose Dependency
Archives of Internal Medicine
In this meta-analysis of 12 double-blinded trials no fracture reduction was observed for a received dose of 400 IU/d or less, whereas a higher received dose of 482 to 770 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D reduced nonvertebral fractures by 20% and hip fractures by 18%.
Bones
Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures With Oral Vitamin D and Dose Dependency
Archives of Internal Medicine
In this meta-analysis of 12 double-blinded trials no fracture reduction was observed for a received dose of 400 IU/d or less, whereas a higher received dose of 482 to 770 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D reduced nonvertebral fractures by 20% and hip fractures by 18%.
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The Effect of Latitude on the Risk and Seasonal Variation in Hip Fracture in Sweden
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
This study found that hip fracture incidence in Sweden increased by 3.0% per degree increase in latitude for men and by 1.9% for women. There was a marked seasonal variation of hip fracture with the highest risk in February and lower by 37.5% in men and by 23.5% women during the summer. The associations found with latitude and season are consistent with a role of vitamin D in hip fracture causation.
Bones
The Effect of Latitude on the Risk and Seasonal Variation in Hip Fracture in Sweden
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
This study found that hip fracture incidence in Sweden increased by 3.0% per degree increase in latitude for men and by 1.9% for women. There was a marked seasonal variation of hip fracture with the highest risk in February and lower by 37.5% in men and by 23.5% women during the summer. The associations found with latitude and season are consistent with a role of vitamin D in hip fracture causation.
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The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and hip fracture risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Oncotarget
In this study, the relative risk of low 25(OH)D levels show a statistically significant 58% increase in hip fracture risk. Subgroup meta-analysis across different genders, ages, locations, study types, and follow-up durations confirmed that low serum 25(OH)D levels significantly increase hip fracture risk, especially when below 24 ng/mL.
Bones
The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and hip fracture risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Oncotarget
In this study, the relative risk of low 25(OH)D levels show a statistically significant 58% increase in hip fracture risk. Subgroup meta-analysis across different genders, ages, locations, study types, and follow-up durations confirmed that low serum 25(OH)D levels significantly increase hip fracture risk, especially when below 24 ng/mL.